Fasting, Autophagy & Healthspan

Make 80 the new 20

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Disclaimer: While I am not a doctor, the medical professionals clearly don’t have a damn clue about health in general, and its relation to diet specifically, so I’ll be filling in for them today. Health is true wealth, so be a billionaire.

- jw

#FoodIntelligence

Source LMNT

How does intermittent fasting work? (And 5 types of intermittent fasting)

There’s a boatload of content on intermittent fasting these days. Unfortunately, most of this content is clickbait.

When you goad people with a headline about losing X pounds on OMAD (the ‘one meal a day’ diet), that’s clickbait… even if eating one meal a day can help some folks with weight loss.

But even in the non-clickbait articles, there’s a basic confusion about how intermittent fasting works. The focus is always on fat-burning, and never on calories.

Yes, fasting can help you burn body fat. I’m not disputing that. What I am disputing is that this increased fat burning drives the weight loss benefit.

It drives other benefits, mostly related to ketosis. And it can facilitate fat loss. But running on fat for energy doesn’t guarantee you’ll shed pounds.

The Insulin Hypothesis had its day, and as great as maintaining healthy insulin levels is, calories do matter at some point. It’s possible to run on fatty acids while still overeating fatty foods. (Mmm… bacon).

Think about it. If more energy comes into the system than gets expended, even if that energy is fat, what happens? Energy must be stored. That’s why not everyone loses weight on a ketogenic diet.

And if less energy comes into the system than gets expended—which is generally true of intermittent fasting protocols—weight will be lost.

I’ll dig more into this concept in a minute. But right now let’s start by defining intermittent fasting.

What Is Intermittent Fasting?

When you practice intermittent fasting, you take regular, periodic breaks from calories. Depending on the protocol, these breaks can span anywhere from 12 to 36 hours.

An intermittent fast doesn’t have to be a zero-calorie fast. It can be a limited calorie fast and still have positive effects on body weight, blood sugar, etc.

Intermittent fasting is based on a simple principle: that organisms evolved to oscillate between periods of fasting and periods of feeding. This oscillation promotes optimal health.

In limited quantities, fasting can be a beneficial stress to the human body. It upregulates pathways—like AMPK—that get us burning fat, repairing DNA, and making ketones.

Then we refeed. And feeding upregulates other pathways—like mTOR—that help us build muscle, heal wounds, and generally grow.

Both cycles are important, but modern culture only encourages one of them. I’m thinking of those “fourth meal” commercials that celebrate the downfall of America’s metabolic health.

We feed constantly. We overeat. And then we end up with a crisis of obesity and diabetes.

I believe intermittent fasting may help reverse this trend. But not for the reasons most people cite.

How Does Intermittent Fasting Work for Weight Loss?

Intermittent fasting has been shown in multiple studies to promote weight loss in obese and non-obese people. The reason why is obvious: these folks are eating less.

When you compress your daily feeding window or restrict calories multiple days per week, you eat fewer calories overall. This often leads to a state of negative energy balance.

Negative energy balance means that you consume fewer calories than you expend through resting metabolic rate (breathing, heartbeat, digestion, etc.), exercise, and fidgeting. In other words, calories out exceed calories in.

Maintaining this caloric deficit is essential for weight loss. For Paleo. For keto. For intermittent fasting. For any diet.

The unique thing about intermittent fasting (and to a lesser extent, keto) is that people don’t consciously restrict calories. It happens naturally.

This makes sense. If you go from three meals per day to one meal per day, your total caloric intake will likely drop, even if you strive to keep it the same. The stomach can only hold so much food comfortably.

It also explains why folks lose weight in fasting studies that allow ad libitum (as much as you like) feeding. They eat their fill, but they still eat less overall.

In my view, calorie reduction explains the lion’s share of fasting-related weight loss. What about the metabolic stuff though?

Fasting and Metabolic Health

In the past fifty years, rates of type 2 diabetes have increased by a factor of seven in the United States. More than 34 million Americans have type 2 diabetes, and many more have prediabetes.

At its core, type 2 diabetes is a problem with the hormone insulin. This problem is called insulin resistance.

When someone is insulin resistant, they’re unable to effectively store blood sugar in muscle and liver cells. As a result, blood sugar stays dangerously high, driving many complications of diabetes.

To compensate, the insulin-resistant person makes more insulin to handle that blood sugar. Although insulin plays many roles, the effects on appetite might be most important in this discussion. Insulin-resistant individuals, and/or folks who experience significant blood sugar swings, tend to experience more hunger.

Insulin resistance is driven by diet and lifestyle factors—(for instance, a high-sugar American diet)—and it can be reversed with diet and lifestyle factors. Fasting appears to be one of these factors.

One study found that 12 months of 5:2 fasting (I’ll cover 5:2 soon) caused significant drops in average blood sugar in type 2 diabetics. This suggests an improvement in insulin function.

But was the protocol the key, or the reduction in calories? Since the calorie-restricted group (who didn’t fast) saw similar improvements, I think we have our answer.

Fasting and Circadian Rhythm

The form of intermittent fasting I recommend is called time-restricted feeding. It entails eating all your daily calories in a compressed time frame.

The benefits of time-restricted feeding go beyond weight loss. When you don’t snack overnight, you align the 24-hour wake-sleep cycle known as circadian rhythm.

Circadian rhythm regulates a hefty chunk of the human genome. Genes that mediate melatonin production, insulin function, immune factors, the list goes on.

It’s common knowledge that light plays a large role in circadian rhythm. Bright light in the morning wakes you up and darkness at night promotes melatonin secretion to make you sleepy.

Food plays a similar yet lesser-known role. Feeding stimulates circadian clocks in your muscle and liver tissue, and fasting overnight tells these clocks it’s time for bed.

The best circadian protocols fall between 12 hours and 18 hours of fasting per day. I’ve found that anything longer increases the risk of sleep disruption.

5 Types of Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting protocols can be lumped into two main buckets:

1. Daily fasts

2. Weekly fasts

I prefer daily fasts because they’re easier to stick with and (generally) promote healthier circadian rhythm. But weekly fasts have been shown to have benefits too. Let’s review these protocols.

Daily Fasts

#1: 12/12

Also called overnight fasting, 12/12 is the ideal place to start with intermittent fasting. Most people can go 12 hours between dinner and breakfast comfortably.

When you don’t snack overnight, you:

• Consume fewer calories overall

• Promote restful sleep

• Keep blood sugar and insulin levels lower

• Save on the grocery bill

The takeaway? Overnight fasting is a quick win in the fasting game, and it’s doable for almost everyone.

#2: 16:8

I practice closer to the likes of 16:8. I eat my first meal around 9 AM and finish my second meal around 4-5 PM. (An eight-hour feeding window). Then I fast for 16 hours.

This protocol works best for me on many levels. It helps me stay productive, make a few extra ketones, and sustain my active lifestyle. I doubt I could squeeze enough calories into one meal to fuel my day.

Fasting for 16 or 18 hours per day isn’t optimal for muscle gains, but research has shown that lean mass and strength can be maintained on this protocol, assuming adequate protein and a resistance training program.

#3: OMAD

The protocol for one meal a day (OMAD) is simple: Shove all your daily calories into one meal.

Drastically compressing your feeding window usually entails a reduction in overall calories, which often leads to weight loss. I already beat that horse to death.

But what if calories are held constant in an OMAD vs. 3-meal-per-day experimental design? Well, according to a study from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, weight-maintenance OMAD improves body composition in normal-weight people.

But get this. During the OMAD condition, these folks also saw significant increases in blood pressure and LDL cholesterol—both undesirable effects from the perspective of heart health. This is possibly due to the stress associated with OMAD. Some folks thrive on OMAD, while others tank. Just keep that in mind.

Weekly Fasts

#4: 5:2

To practice 5:2 intermittent fasting, you eat 0-25% of your normal calories on 2 non-consecutive days per week. The other five days you eat normally.

Research has shown that 5:2 can help with weight loss. But again, I believe calorie restriction is driving that train.

#5: ADF

Alternate-day fasting (ADF) follows the same rules as 5:2, except that you fast every other day instead of twice per week. It’s the longest of the protocols at 36 hours per session, and I don’t recommend it for most people. The potential for sleep disruption, stress, and other side effects is too high.

Who Should Practice Intermittent Fasting?

I believe that almost anyone would benefit from a 12 or 13 hour overnight fasting practice. Anything that promotes better sleep promotes better health.

But the longer forms of intermittent fasting aren’t for everyone. For starters, fasting isn’t a good idea for children, pregnant or nursing women, those with eating disorders, and underweight people. These groups need more nutrients, not less.

What about type 2 diabetics? The research suggests fasting can help, but only with medical supervision. This will prevent complications (like low blood sugar) from occurring.

And for everyone else, I advise going slow with fasting. Get the overnight fast under your belt, then try 13, 14, or 16 hours.

Do what’s comfortable. And when it becomes uncomfortable or unpleasant, back off to an easier fast. Follow that system and you’ll find your sweet spot.

Source: Mary Caire, MD

24 Tips to Increase Health and Vitality

1.    TAKE A VITAMIN D3 SUPPLEMENT – Typically you will need about 5,000 IU to get your number in the optimal range of 60-70. If you are treating cancer or working to prevent a recurrence, many doctors will recommend a higher number. Some of my patients need more and some need less, so it’s important to test and retest to find out how much you really need. Too much vitamin D can be toxic so be sure have your doctor closely monitor your levels. You can purchase Vitamin D3 online in the store.

2.    KEEP YOUR GUT CLEAN and TAKE PROBIOTICS – As Hippocrates wrote, “All disease begins in the gut.” Today, we’re learning more and more the truth in this statement. Certainly, keeping your gut clean isn’t as simple as taking a probiotic, but supplementing with a probiotic is one of the most important things you can do to re-balance your gut microflora and maintain a healthy environment for absorption of nutrients.

3.    EXERCISE AND SWEAT – I recommend high-intensity interval training or Peak 8 to all my patients. Regular exercise like this can help increase your chance of staying cancer-free or avoiding a recurrence by a significant percentage, as much as 40-50%.  

4.    AVOID SMOKING AND (AT LEAST GREATLY REDUCE) ALCOHOL 

5.    YOUR WEIGHT MATTERS – Excessive estrogen, which can cause cancer, is stored in fat. Research has shown that being overweight substantially raises a person’s risk of many cancers. To help support healthy estrogen metabolism, try DIM Estro Detox.

6.    ELIMINATE SUGAR IN ALL FORMS – Research is mounting in this area. Do all you can to eliminate or greatly reduce the sugar in your diet.

7.    REDUCE STRESS – Scientists have linked the activation of a stress gene in immune-system cells to the spread of breast cancer to other parts of the body. Learn more.

8.    OPTIMIZE YOUR SLEEP – Get tips on how to sleep well in my post about the Power of 80%.

9.    OPTIMIZE YOUR DIET  – Eat organic, colorful, non-GMO whole foods that aren’t processed and are mostly plant based. Consume healthy oils like avocado and coconut. When you eat meat in moderation, ensure it’s grass-fed, free-range without hormones or antibiotics.

10.  EVERY DAY, DRINK 1/2 – 2/3 YOUR BODY WEIGHT IN OUNCES OF FILTERED WATER WITHOUT FLOURIDE OR CHLORINE 

11.  DISCUSS THE RISKS OF BIRTH CONTROL PILLS WITH YOUR DOCTOR

12.  BREASTFEED EXCLUSIVELY FOR UP TO THE FIRST 6 MONTHS

13.  INCLUDE TURMERIC or CURCUMIN IN YOUR DIET – Learn more.

14.  SEE IF YOU HAVE AN IODINE DEFICIENCY AND CORRECT IT IF YOU DO

15.  DON’T BATHE OR SHOWER IN UNFILTERED WATER – Get a whole-house filter or a shower head that filters your water.

16.  AVOID MAINSTREAM TOOTHPASTE WITH FLOURIDE AND UNNATURAL ADDITIVES

17.  QUIT USING MAINSTREAM ANTIPERSPIRANT/DEODORANT – Try a natural alternative, like Primal Pit Paste.

18.  USE NATURAL, PLANT-BASED CLEANING PRODUCTS

19.  AVOID SCENTED CANDLES, SOY CANDLES AND AIR FRESHENERS – They mimic estrogen and can increase your levels as well as your risk of cancer. Instead, use natural, essential oils and a diffuser.

20.  USE ALL-NATURAL PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING SUNSCREEN

21.  DON’T USE TEFLON NON-STICK POTS AND PANS – Instead, use iron, stainless steel or ceramic.

22.  STOP USING THE MICROWAVE

23.  FIND THE RIGHT SUNSCREEN

24.  GO CHEMICAL FREE IN YOUR GARDEN

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Related:

Fight Aging by Boosting Autophagy

Autophagy is a process cells use to remove old, damaged parts.

One way to help fight aging is by activating autophagy.

This “housekeeping” process improves cellular functionality.1

With age, we experience lower rates of autophagy,2 which accelerates degenerative processes and increases the risk for chronic diseases.3

In several preclinical models, stimulating autophagy has been shown to improve healthy longevity.4-6

Endocrine Disruptors and Epigenetics

The endocrine system controls the way your body functions. It produces hormones that travel to all parts of your body to maintain your tissues and organs. Here are a few of the areas governed by the endocrine system:

• Reproduction

• Responses to stress and injury

• Growth and sexual development

• Body energy levels

• Internal balance of body systems

• Bone and muscle strength

Your endocrine system produces, stores and releases hormones. When everything goes smoothly, your body functions properly.

So as you can see, its a big player in our well-being.

Now, the big question is “What are endocrine disruptors”?

Tim Noakes Diet

The beauty with the low-carb Banting styled Paleo way of eating is that you can basically eat as much as you like with little danger of over eating…

…this is because real LCHF Paleo foods & meals are non-addictive and will leave you feeling satisfied & satiated without wanting more or still feeling hungry.

About:

The Noakes Foundation is a Non-Profit Corporation founded for public benefit which aims to advance medical science’s understanding of the benefits of a low-carb high-fat (LCHF) diet by providing evidence-based information on optimum nutrition that is free from commercial agenda.

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